The site of the Battle of Port Gibson lies approximately four miles west of the historic town of Port Gibson in Claiborne County, Mississippi. The battlefield covers about 3,400 acres (1,400 ha) of land west of the city, astride Rodney Road, where Union Army forces were establishing a beachhead after crossing the Mississippi River in a bid to take the Confederate fortress of Vicksburg. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. The Federals divided their forces and moved along two roughly parallel roads that converged near their objective, about ten miles to the east. Hinds County and Warren County, MS|May 17, 1863, Warren County, MS|May 18-Jul 4, 1863. This victory not only secured his position on Mississippi soil, but enabled him to launch his campaign deeper into the interior of the state. On January 30, 1862, the Western Theater commander, General Henry Halleck, reluctantly approved Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grants request to attack Fort Henry, on the Tennessee River. Rather than moving forward to confront the Union invasion force at Bruinsburg, where it was most vulnerable, Pemberton kept most of his troops in garrison at Vicksburg. The federal soldiers clambered aboard the barges at Disharoons plantation on the Louisiana side of the river, crossed over, and disembarked at Bruinsburg on the Mississippi side. Grant, however, would have other plans; the roads on the west bank of the Big Black River were open all the way to the Mississippi state capital and the critical rail link to Vicksburg. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Within six weeks, Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River, establishing federal control of both waterways. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. The A. K. Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. Mine Run - Union Off. The road to his rear now threatened, Bowen commenced retreating through Port Gibson to the north shore of Bayou Pierre. Port Gibson | May 1, 1863 (June 2020) American Battlefield Trust Port Gibson, ten miles east of Bruinsburg on the Little Bayou Pierre River, commanded the road network between Grand Gulf and Jackson and was Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's first objective after crossing the Mississippi. Despite a valiant effort by Col. Isham W. Garrot, taking over for Tracy, his line was outflanked and he was forced to withdraw. Grant would then detach Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand's XIII Corps to Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks at Port Hudson, Louisiana, while Sherman hurried to join Grant and James B. McPherson and the XVII Corps for an inland move against the railroad. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Meanwhile, Grant's troop barges ran past Fort Cobun under the protection of Porter's gunboats. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Port Gibson was the opening battle in a successful two-month-long Union campaign to capture Vicksburg, Mississippi, and take control of the Mississippi River. A crossing point at Bruinsburg, just south of the mouth of Bayou Pierre, was described as suitable for the army's use, and on April 30, 1863 Grant began what was then one of the largest amphibious military operations in United States history. Despite the thousands of Yankees involved, the Confederate forces in the area still outnumbered them. [1], Last edited on 30 December 2022, at 22:19, Learn how and when to remove this template message, History Under Siege: Port Gibson designated by the Civil War Preservation Trust as a Top 10 most endangered Civil War battlefield in 2009, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Port_Gibson&oldid=1130579779, This page was last edited on 30 December 2022, at 22:19. Join us July 13-16! Tracy dispatched infantry and artillery to Greens assistance minutes before cannons began to pound his own line, signaling the advance of a new Union column under Brig. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. When Confederates under Brig. The battle secured a Union beachhead east of the Mississippi River and enabled Grant to move northeastward unopposed. The brigades of Brig. Join us July 13-16! In May of 1962, the Grand Gulf Military Monument Park was officially opened, dedicated to preserving the memory of both the town and the battle in which occurred there. Just then, a single shot rang out as the Confederate pickets spotted movement in the distance. Port Gibson: Featured Resources Civil War | Video Vicksburg Campaign Civil War | Article 10 Facts: The Vicksburg Campaign Civil War | Biography James B. McPherson On the night of April 16, seven gunboats and three supply ships under the command of Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter ran the gauntlet of Confederate batteries along the river. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! After a prolonged siege, Grant eventually forced Pemberton to surrender on July 4, 1863. Against this target, Grant poised his army to strike. The brigades of Brig. May 1, 1863 The Federal landing at Bruinsburg, Mississippi, on April 30, 1863, and the ensuing victory at the Battle of Port Gibson the next day, cemented a Union presence in western Mississippi that led to the eventual downfall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River. The Union troops pushed forward all along the line, and fierce fighting continued throughout the afternoon. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! To complete the river crossing, however, Grant needed the assistance of his naval forces. Visit our other Wisconsin Historical Society websites! 3 Mississippi (Claiborne County), Port Gibson Battle of Port Gibson On May 1, 1863, Confederate forces under Brig. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. The Federals divided their forces and moved along two roughly parallel roads that converged near their objective, about ten miles to the east. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. The general tried to calm their fears by telling them that the enemy could not possibly arrive before daylight. The land on the Louisiana side of the river, opposite Vicksburg, was rough, etched with poor roads and many streams. The Confederate victory proved to be inconsequential, however. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. During the winter, Grant made several unsuccessful attempts to approach Vicksburg from other directions. He would march his army down the Louisiana side of the [] Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. With 20,000 men crowded into a 1.5-mile (2.4km) front, McClernand's plan appeared to be to force his way past the Confederate line. Battle of Port Gibson - Grant's March Marker. Grant also ordered Colonel Benjamin Garrison to stage a daring cavalry raid through central Mississippi, which forced Confederate Commander of the Army of Mississippi, John C. Pemberton, to divert troops away from Vicksburg. During the winter, Grant made several unsuccessful attempts to approach Vicksburg from other directions. Port Gibson Battlefield Mississippi Old Rodney Rd Port Gibson, MS 39150 United States Website https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/battleportgibson.htm The Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. Under threat of being surrounded, Bowen was also forced to evacuate the formidable Fort Cobun at Grand Gulf, yielding control of the area to Grant's Army of the Tennessee. When spring arrived, Grant set a new plan into motion. In December, Grant launched his first attempt to capture Vicksburg. Situated atop dominate bluffs overlooking a sweeping bend of the river, Vicksburg was a tough nut to crack. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! Bite-Size Bits of Local, National, and Global History, NearBruinsburg in Claiborne County, Mississippi , 1. [Source: Report on the Nation's Civil War Battlefields (Washington, 1993); Estabrook, C. Records and Sketches of Military Organizations (Madison, 1914); Love, W. Wisconsin in the War of the Rebellion (Madison, 1866)], Sign up for the Wisconsin Historical Society Newsletter, 1996-2023 Wisconsin Historical Society, 816 State Street, Madison, WI 53706, Port Gibson, Battle of | Wisconsin Historical Society, Read About the Experiences of Wisconsin Troops. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Too late to do anything more than affirm Bowen's decision, Maj. Gen. William W. Loring arrived and took command of the Confederates. Official Records. The Battle of Port Gibson was a resounding Union victory which secured Grants beachhead east of the Mississippi River and cleared the way to the Southern Railroad supplying Vicksburg. Sporadic skirmishing and artillery fire continued until 3 a.m. . Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. 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